ELECTION 2003: THE ART OF RIGGING ELECTORAL VOTES

By

Clement Ikpatt

Today, political caucus meetings and election strategists gather in secret meetings across Nigeria to plan for Elections 2003. INEC rules are studied, zoning or ethnic interests become keynote speeches, opponents are identified and sentenced to humiliation or even death, funding is a settled matter, and thugs are conscripted even as war plans are developed to secure victory at any cost. Party leaders and candidates preside like gangster bosses: issuing stern instructions and doling out wads of dirty Naira notes at any praise singing. It is a breeze until item number miscellaneous. Throats are cleared, agbada garments or caps adjusted and glances exchanged. A staff whispers a message to Oga, slapping a manila file rightly labeled "Top Secret" before him. Every one knows what time it is but no one must mention the word rigging. It is time to discuss how to win elections at any cost and by any means.

 

It is Election Day evening and results are trickling in. Oga is glued to the NTA station, with cell phone and telephones ringing endlessly. As planned, Oga must win but he wants to be sure that his rigging plans were not busted and that his victory is announced on Television. Sycophants and praise singers file in congratulatory messages and staff is busy paying off thugs, electoral officers and Police officers for jobs well executed. Majority in the electorate are shafted, angry but helpless, knowing that they have been defrauded. Oga has bought his way into office with money or with your relation’s blood and not through legitimate votes of the people.

 

Oga may be the Governor or lawmaker representing you. Several of our current leaders and lawmakers have rigged elections for themselves or colleagues. Some are planning to rig forthcoming Election 2003 even as you read. Rigging of electoral votes has become one of Nigeria’s most ugly cultures of corruption. Only you can say NO to rigging: secure and make sure your vote is accounted for. There are only few things you must know and do that are given below.

 

In any typical Nigeria Police Crime Report, contraventions against sections relating to "assault", "obtaining under false pretences" and "stealing" (stated in decreasing order of incidence) constitute overwhelming statistical majority of Incident reports. Therefore, there are statistical deductions showing that these crimes must strongly reflect in the spectrum of the Nigeria society. They reflect strongly in both our political and economic arena. They reflect in all Nigeria elections through a continuously improving art of electoral votes rigging.

 

In Nigeria, the art of rigging electoral votes for political gains is primarily practiced along the grains of above criminal classifications. Politicians rig electoral votes by stealing or fraudulently obtaining votes under false pretences, deliberate disenfranchisement of eligible voters, inflation of ballot boxes, counterfeiting of electoral materials, post-counting falsification of election results, and other corrupt practices. Exercises in rigging are often occasioned by various degrees and forms of hooliganism or violence that may result in bodily harm or death of persons.

 

Electoral votes rigging is the falsification, manipulation or fixing of electoral votes against legal and acceptable norms. Systemic rigging of Nigeria elections can be traced from well-established criminal enterprises that infiltrate all political ranks and groups. It dates from earliest regional or national elections held in Nigeria but in 1979 through 1983 became a state-sponsored political culture, albeit illegal, when all registered political parties, socio-political ethnic groups and regional blocks engaged in with impudence. I recall experiences in both 1979 and 1983 general elections during which glaring cases of rigging by all major political parties ensued. Nigerians clearly recall Mr. Richard Akinjide’s controversial but magical "122/3 – twelve and two thirds – Majority" formula that enthroned Mr. Shehu Aliyu Shagari of the National Party of Nigeria after a plethora of rigging complaints.

 

International standards for free and fair elections can hardly be met in Nigeria given our systemic corruption and artfulness in rigging abilities. From profile below, it is my estimation that Nigeria is incapable of conducting a completely free and fair elections exercise. It never happened despite wishful but politically correct tagging of that notorious June 12 elections as freest and fairest. It shall not happen unless the rigging culture is smothered by untapped strengths of vox populi and pro-activism. Nobel Peace Prize winner Jimmy Carter and his team of Observers found out and confirmed during the 1999 general elections. It is not because electoral laws or criminal statues do not adequately address the problem of rigging: most Nigerians, politicians and law enforcement agencies selectively ignore such laws and statutes.

 

One expects that the INEC and our law enforcement agencies would have profiled and studied dynamics of rigging toward creating eradication strategies. But, that is being over ambitious in expectations, hence, the rigging culture has neither abated nor has it been destroyed. Today, most political parties and politicians are perfecting even more sophisticated and elaborate rigging schemes as part of strategies for election – budgeting immense resources and rehearsing routines without taking anything, not even the advantageous factor of incumbency, for granted.

 

Artfully, rigging has become an inevitable political strategy for wining elections. We all know it is commonly practiced but strangely have refused to rise up against it. Rigging, despite being made a groundwork political strategy, cannot be effectively executed without the conscious involvement of our law enforcement agencies. Therefore, it is best executed only within an unscrupulous partnership between politicians and law enforcement agents. Politicians sit to draw blueprints for rigging and in so doing must co-opt their willing accomplices for the execution of such blueprints through carefully doctored and implemented Operational Orders.

 

Preparing to rig elections

My purpose is not to provide detailed accounts in ways by which rigging is commonly planned and executed in Nigeria. It suffices to summarize broadly likely preparatory steps as follows:

Long Term Preparation

1.1 Rigging of Census figures and or Voter Registration exercise to reflect undesirable demographics or bogus registrations.

1.2 Identification and unlawful gratification of potential Electoral Commission delegates.

1.3 Identification and unlawful gratification of officers of the Court.

1.4 As was the recent outrageous case, rigging the Electoral Law to provide unfair advantages for political parties or politicians.

 

Short Term Preparation

1.5 Estimated number to win is projected from list of registered voters and constituency.

1.6 Constituency "mapping" to identify where rigging must be carried out.

1.7 Establishment and coordination of hoodlums as political thugs.

1.8 Local leaders, electoral officers and returning officers are identified while army of foot soldiers and political thugs are strategically planted.

1.9 Appropriation of funds for the rigging exercise: to pay political thugs and to bribe law enforcement agents, community and youth leaders or electoral officers toward swaying allegiance or be browbeaten into acquiescence.

1.10 Ballot papers are illegally obtained or printed, thumb-printed and stuffed ahead of elections.

1.11 List of Voters are withheld, tampered with or stolen prior to elections day.

1.12 Electoral officers are bribed to delay start of voting exercise or stay away from Polling station on Election Day.

1.13 Returning officers are planted or bribed to render predetermined Election results.

1.14 Police Officers – Area Commanders, District Police Officers and District Crime Officers as necessary – are identified and "settled" or rewarded. Depending on details of blueprint for rigging, the following broadly summarizes what roles the Police may play as an accomplice:

a. Remove or reduce presence in target area to allow for hooliganism and brazen rigging.

b. Screen, intimidate or frustrate voters, electoral officers, political opponent and observers’ effort at ensuring free and fair elections.

c. Engage in substitution, tampering or destruction of ballot boxes under custody or surveillance.

d. Indiscriminate harassment or arrests of opponent’s staff.

Rigging the Election

Cannot be published

 

Profiling the Rigger

The overarching pattern of Electoral votes rigging indicates that political parties are more likely to organize and execute rigging exercises on behalf of most of its candidates. In Nigeria, it does not matter the overwhelming "strength" of such political parties as, historically, popular parties are known to rig election results even in their strongholds. In 1979 and 1983, the UPN (in Western Nigeria), NPN (in the North and South-South), NPP (in the South-East) engaged in open rigging exercises* (* viewpoint derived from post-election complaints, Newspaper reports and personal experiences.)

An incumbent or candidate with access to government resources and powerful instruments that may be freely and impetuously used or deployed.

Candidate contesting from a "stronger" political party platform against moderate to strong opposition.

An egotistical candidate whose personality cannot easily be separated from glamour and perks in desired office.

An underachieving incumbent detached from mainstream but stubborn in quest to retain office at the expense of dissatisfied electorate.

Candidates with mediocre or non-existing vision, ideology or workable socio-political blueprint to execute.

An incumbent who has lost credibility with public or confidence of the public or any other candidate who has integrity and accountability challenges.

Candidates with public records of corruption or strongly perceived by majority as having engaged in private or public sector corrupt practices.

Candidates with known affiliation or who patronize vigilante, terror or gangster organizations.

Candidates who are members of and are sponsored by ethnic and hierarchically structured socio-political organizations.

 

Application of the Profile – An example with the Akwa Ibom State

For merely academic and forecasting purposes, this writer shall apply above conservative profiling to determine which candidates are likely to rig in forthcoming elections. It must be noted that this private profile template is not intended to encourage or discourage the support for any candidate against other possible opponents. No candidate should be a victim of spurious profiling but candidates may be assessed base of their profiles.

 

Today’s PDP government re-election bid in the Akwa Ibom State roundly fits the profile above and it is this writer’s well-informed deduction, viewpoint and prediction, buttressed by prevailing and widespread information from the grapevine, that massive and elaborate rigging schemes are being planned against the Akwa Ibom Election 2003. It is within our civic duties and dictates of righteousness to blow the whistle when and where necessary. I blow. And here is the message: a ravenous appetite for rigging has formed in Akwa Ibom State – the more elaborate and costly the more emboldened perpetrators in ruling party have become. It is common knowledge that this administration’s horrible record and squander mania is provoking the wrath of the Akwa Ibom electorate. Commonsense predict also that its only recourse to sustenance of political power is through the ignoble art of rigging of electoral votes.

 

Below is a review of what steps may be taken to prevent envisaged massive and elaborate rigging. In the Akwa Ibom State and throughout Nigeria, all who are visionary must anticipate possible continuous attempts at the hijacking of our democratic destiny through rigging of elections. Our only solution is in positioning to stop such hijackers while identifying and supporting wholeheartedly the one candidate who shall best serve the grassroots within a well-engineered and well-executed paradigm or generation shift that departs radically from status quo. That candidate is not of the present PDP government in the Akwa Ibom State. But, there is the one!

 

Preventing Rigging

The beauty of any democratic system is in the fully representative government it offers. This fundamental glory is, therefore, greatly compromised when elections are rigged to allow for misrepresentation or under-representation. It is the duty of every Nigerian to protect his or her inalienable right to determine who is a representative while also protecting the democratic institution. Nigerians, through proper education and activism, can effectively minimize or completely eradicate rigging. Such education and activism must come from individuals, media groups, NGOs, cooperative organizations, youth movements, Election Watchdogs and Observers, law enforcement agencies, etc efforts.

State Commands of the Nigeria Police Force may establish Elections 2003 Committees with representatives from the Police, local communities, political parties, INEC, the Judiciary and independent Election Observers for the purpose of creating best Operational Order and guidelines for orderliness and security during the Election months.

1.1. For conduct during pre-election exercises such as in political rallies and campaigns.

1.2. For conduct during election exercises such that prevents partisan outlook and hooliganism.

1.3. For conduct after election exercises such that guarantees protection of ballot materials, integrity of both vote counting exercise and election results.

Pre-election publication of list of voters in local Newspapers and pasting of such lists in polling stations as necessary. In so doing, contestants, Youth groups, churches, mosques and communities may identify voter fraud before hand and readily know who is registered to vote and how many votes are expected in every ballot box. For example, Nigerians in the Diaspora who did not go home to register cannot have their names on any Voters list. But some do because dishonest relations and undisciplined politicians registered them in absentia. That is fraudulent.

Participation of local and international Election Observers in all scheduled elections.

The media, political parties, individuals, groups and movements in both private and public sectors must mobilize and educate the grassroots against selling votes or receiving gratifications that further rigging exercises.

Democracy movements and pro-active Youth organizations must undertake to prevent rigging in respective localities while encouraging transparency at all stages and exercises.

Strict enforcement of electoral and criminal Laws.

Individuals must secure their rights to vote by not selling Voters card to any person or political party. It is illegal to sell one’s Voters card.

Individuals must demand to know that their votes are counted and traceable to whom they were cast for.

You can establish or become part of your local community Anti-Rigging Task Force.

Never be quiet when you witness any rigging activity. Report incidents of rigging to local authorities or organizations you trust.

 

People, above is not exhaustive but may challenge you to uphold highest standards of citizenship in the exercise of civic duties that protect the Nigeria democracy. I challenge Nigerians, and my fellow Akwa Ibom citizens in particular, to do all things necessary that ensure free and fair elections: expose plans to rig elections or stop a rigging process. I also challenge the Nigeria Police Force to seize this opportunity and redeem its image by promising and ensuring security and orderliness during the Election 2003 period.

Courtesies to:

South-South Awareness Group

www.hope2003.org

Oct 2002